Afghani

Afghanistan became a single political entity under the reign of Ahmed Shah Durrani, who in 1747 founded the monarchy that ruled the country until 1973. During the 19th century, however, much of Afghanistan’s territory and autonomy were ceded to the United Kingdom. Afghanistan regained independence over its foreign affairs when King Amanullah Khan acceded to the throne in 1919.

Many famous Persian poets and scientists came from the region now known as Afghanistan. One of the most notable scientists was Abu Alī Hussein ibn Sīnā (c. 980AD to 1037AD), who is known in the West as Avicenna. He is considered the father of modern medicine and one of the greatest thinkers in world history.